英文原文：
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That this Act may be cited as ’’The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.’’
PART I
Chapter 1-Policy; Development Assistance Authorizations
Sec. 101. General Policy.-(a) The Congress finds that fundamental political, economic, and technological changes have resulted in the interdependence of nations. The Congress declares that the individual liberties, economic prosperity, and security of the people of the United States are best sustained and enhanced in a community of nations which respect individual civil and economic rights and freedoms and which work together to use wisely the world’s limited resources in an open and equitable international economic system. Furthermore, the Congress reaffirms the traditional humanitarian ideals of the American people and renews its commitment to assist people in developing countries to eliminate hunger, poverty, illness, and ignorance.
Therefore, the Congress declares that a principal objective of the foreign policy of the United States is the encouragement and sustained support of the people of developing countries in their efforts to acquire the knowledge and resources essential to development and to build the economic, political, and social institutions which will improve the quality of their lives.
United States development cooperation policy should emphasize four principal goals:….
*************
Sec. 620. 785 Prohibition Against Furnishing Assistance.---(a)...(b)...
(c) 791 No assistance shall be provided under this Act to the government of any country which is indebted to any United States citizen or person for goods or services furnished or ordered where (i) such citizen or person has exhausted available legal remedies, which shall include arbitration, or (ii) the debt is not denied or contested by such government, or (iii) such indebtedness arises under an unconditional guaranty of payment given by such government, or any predecessor government, directly or indirectly, through any controlled entity: Provided, That the President does not find such action contrary to the national security.
(d)….
(e) (1) The President shall suspend assistance to the government of any country to which assistance is provided under this or any other Act when the government of such country or any government agency or subdivision within such country on or after January 1, 1962-
(A) has nationalized or expropriated or seized ownership or control of property owned by any United States citizen or by any corporation, partnership, or association not less than 50 per centum beneficially owned by United States citizens, or
(B) has taken steps to repudiate or nullify existing contracts or agreements with any United States citizen or any corporation, partnership, or association not less than 50 per centum beneficially owned by United States citizens, or
(C) has imposed or enforced discriminatory taxes or other exactions, or restrictive maintenance or operational conditions, or has taken other actions, which have the effect of nationalizing, expropriating, or otherwise seizing ownership or control of property so owned,and such country, government agency, or government subdivision fails within a reasonable time (not more than six months after such action, or, in the event of a referral to the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States within such period as provided herein, not more than twenty days after the report of the Commission is received) to take appropriate steps, which may include arbitration, to discharge its obligations under international law toward such citizen or entity, including speedy compensation for such property in convertible foreign exchange, equivalent to the full value thereof, as required by international law, or fails to take steps designed to provide relief from such taxes, exactions, or conditions, as the case may be; and such suspension shall continue until the President is satisfied that appropriate steps are being taken, and the provisions of this subsection shall not be waived with respect to any country unless the President determines and certifies that such a waiver is important to the national interests of the United States. Such certification shall be reported immediately to Congress.
Upon request of the President (within seventy days after such action referred to in subparagraphs (A), (B), or (C) of paragraph (1) of this section), the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States (established pursuant to Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1954, 68 Stat. 1279) is hereby authorized to evaluate expropriated property, determining the full value of any property nationalized, expropriated, or seized, or subject to discriminatory or other actions as aforesaid, for purposes of this subsection and to render an advisory report to the President within ninety days after such request. Unless authorized by the President, the Commission shall not publish its advisory report except to the citizen or entity owning such property. There is hereby authorized to be appropriated such amount, to remain available until expended, as may be necessary from time to time to enable the Commission to carry out expeditiously its functions under this subsection.
(2) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no court in the United States shall decline on the ground of the federal act of state doctrine to make a determination on the merits giving effect to the principles of international law in a case in which claim of title or other right to property 799 is asserted by any party including a foreign state (or a party claiming through such state) based upon (or traced through) a confiscation or other taking after January 1, 1959, by an act of that state in violation of the principles of international law, including the principles of compensation and the other standards set out in this subsection: Provided, That this subparagraph shall not be applicable (1) in any case in which an act of a foreign state is not contrary to international law or with respect to a claim of title or other right to property acquired pursuant to an irrevocable letter of credit of not more than 180 days duration issued in good faith prior to the time of the confiscation or other taking, or (2) in any case with respect to which the President determines that application of the act of state doctrine is required in that particular case by the foreign policy interests of the United States and a suggestion to this effect is filed on his behalf in that case with the court.800
FOOTNOTES:
1 The short title was added by sec. 111 of the FA Appropriation Act, 1962.
785 22 U.S.C. 2370.
791 Subsec. (c) was amended by sec. 301(d)(2) of the FA Act of 1962. It formerly read as follows:
’’(c) No assistance shall be provided under this Act to the government of any country which is indebted to any United States citizen for goods or services furnished, where such citizen has exhausted available legal remedies and the debt is not denied or contested by such government.’’.
799 Sec. 301(d)(2) of the FA Act of 1965 inserted the words ’’to property’’.
800 The words ’’, or (3) in any case in which the proceedings are commenced after January 1, 1966’’, which appeared at this point, were struck out by sec. 301(d)(2) of the FA Act of 1965.
Sec. 527 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103-236; 22 U.S.C. 2370a), however, provided the following:
’’SEC. 527. EXPROPRIATION OF UNITED STATES PROPERTY.
’’(a) PROHIBITION.-None of the funds made available to carry out this Act, the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, or the Arms Export Control Act may be provided to a government or any agency or instrumentality thereof, if the government of such country (other than a country described if subsection (d))-
’’(1) has on or after January 1, 1956-
’’(A) nationalized or expropriated the property of any United States person,
’’(B) repudiated or nullified any contract with any United States person, or
’’(C) taken any other action (such as the imposition of discriminatory taxes or other exactions) which has the effect of seizing ownership or control of the property of any United States person, and
’’(2) has not, within the period specified in subsection (c), either-
’’(A) returned the property,
’’(B) provided adequate and effective compensation for such property in convertible foreign exchange or other mutually acceptable compensation equivalent to the full value thereof, as required by international law,
’’(C) offered a domestic procedure providing prompt, adequate and effective compensation in accordance with international law, or
’’(D) submitted the dispute to arbitration under the rules of the Convention for the Settlement of Investment Disputes or other mutually agreeable binding international arbitration procedure.
’’(b) OTHER ACTIONS.-The President shall instruct the United States Executive Directors of each multilateral development bank and international financial institution to vote against any loan or other utilization of the funds of such bank or institution for the benefit of any country to which assistance is prohibited under subsection (a), unless such assistance is directed specifically to programs which serve the basic human needs of the citizens of that country.
’’(c) PERIOD FOR SETTLEMENT OF CLAIMS.-The period of time described in subsection (a)(2) is the latest of the following-
’’(1) 3 years after the date on which a claim was filed,
’’(2) in the case of a country that has a totalitarian or authoritarian government at the time of the action described in subsection (a)(1), 3 years after the date of installation of a democratically elected government, or
’’(3) 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act.
’’(d) EXCEPTED COUNTRIES AND TERRITORIES.-This section shall not apply to any country established by international mandate through the United Nations or to any territory recognized by the United States Government to be in dispute.
’’(e) RESUMPTION OF ASSISTANCE.-A prohibition or termination of assistance under subsection (a) and an instruction to vote against loans under subsection (b) shall cease to be effective when the President certifies in writing to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate that such government has taken one of the steps described in subsection (a)(2).
’’(f) REPORTING REQUIREMENT.-Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act and at the beginning of each fiscal year thereafter, the Secretary of State shall transmit to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, a report containing the following:
’’(1) A list of every country in which the United States Government is aware that a United States person has an outstanding expropriation claim.
’’(2) The total number of such outstanding expropriation claims made by United States persons against each such country.
’’(3) The period of time in which each such claim has been outstanding.
’’(4) The status of each case and efforts made by the United States Government and the government of the country in which such claim has been made, to take one or more of the steps described in subsection (a)(2).
’’(5) Each project a United States Executive Director voted against as a result of the action described in subsection (b).
’’(g) WAIVER.-The President may waive the prohibitions in subsections (a) and (b) for a country, on an annual basis, if the President determines and so notifies Congress that it is in the national interest to do so.
’’(h) DEFINITIONS.-For the purpose of this section, the term ’’United States person’’ means a United States citizen or corporation, partnership, or association at least 50 percent beneficially owned by United States citizens.’’
《1961年對外援助法》（《公法 87-195》）
第一部分
第1章--政策；發展援助授權
第101節、一般政策。---（一）美國國會認為，基本政治、經濟和技術變化已經使各國之間相互依賴。美國國會宣布，世界各國共同尊重個人的民事與經濟權利和自由，在開放、公平的國際經濟體系共同合作、并以明智的方法使用世界有限的資源，美國人民的個人自由、經濟繁榮和安全才能得到最好的維護和加強。因此，美國國會重申美國人民傳統的人道主義理想，并再次強調其承諾，以援助發展中國家人民消除饑餓、貧困、疾病與無知。所以，美國國會宣布，美國對外政策的主要目標是鼓勵并持續支持發展中國家人民，努力獲得發展急需的知識和資源，并建設經濟、政治和社會機構，來提高發展中國家人民的生活水平。
美國發展合作政策強調以下四個主要目標：
……
第620節、785提供援助的禁止性規定。---（一） ……(二)***[1981年取消]
�。ㄈ�791在下列情形下，本法項下的援助不得提供給因貨物或服務供應或訂購欠美國人或公民款項的任何國家政府：(1)該人或公民已經窮盡了所有可以利用的法律救濟，包括仲裁，或(2)該政府對所欠的債務不予否定或不持異議，或（3）該負債產生于該政府、任何前任政府直接或間接通過其控制的實體提供的無條件擔保付款；此時，需要美國總統確認這種不提供援助的行動與美國國家利益不矛盾。
(四)……
(五) (1)如果有關政府或政府機關或部門自1962年1月1日起有下列行為，則美國總統應該中止根據本法或任何其他法律向該國政府提供的援助---
1)對美國公民或公司、合伙、或不少于50%權益為美國公民擁有的組織的財產所有權或控制權進行國有化、征用或沒收，或
2)采取有關措施否定或取消同美國公民或公司、合伙、或不少于50%權益為美國公民擁有的組織之間簽定的現有合同或協議，或
3）施加或執行歧視性稅收或其他手段、或限制性維護或運營條件，或采取其他行動，對上述擁有的財產所有權或控制權具有國有化、征用或沒收的效果，
而且該國家、政府機關或政府部門未能在合理的時間內（不超過采取行動后6個月，或在規定時間將有關事項提交美國對外索賠解決委員會時，不超過該委員會接到報告后20天）采取適當措施，包括仲裁等，以解除其根據國際法對該公民或實體承擔的責任，包括用可兌換的外幣快速補償國際法要求的有關財產足額價值，或未能采取具體措施，根據具體情況提供有關免除稅收、征用費用或有關條件的救濟；且該中止應該持續到美國總統對所采取的有關適當措施滿意為止。對任何國家不應放棄本小節有關規定的要求，除非美國總統認為并證明該棄權對美國國家利益實屬重要。該核準證明應該立即上報國會。
應美國總統要求（在本節第（1）段第1）、2）或3）小段中提到的行動后七天內），美國對外索賠解決委員會（根據《1954年第一號重組計劃》；聯邦立法第68條第1279節建立）特此被授權為本小節之目的，對征用的財產進行評估，以確定被國有化、征用或沒收或施加前述歧視性或待遇或其他行動的財產的全值，并在美國總統提出要求后90天內，向美國總統提交有關咨詢報告。除非經美國總統授權，該委員會不得將咨詢報告公布給擁有該財產公民或實體之外的任何人或實體。特此授權向該委員會隨時進行必要的撥款，使其可以快速實施本小節項下的職能，該撥款隨時可用。
(2)盡管法律可能會有任何其他相反規定，在一個案件中，如果任何當事方，包括外國（或通過該國提出請求的有關方），因為（或通過追索）該國違反國際法原則（包括本小節規定的補償原則和其他標準）之行為在1959年1月1日以后沒收或以其他方式取得財產，對該財產799的物權或其他財產權提起請求時，美國法院不得因聯邦法國家行為主義拒絕作出使國際法原則生效的決定；但是，本小段不適用于以下任何案件：1）外國國家行為與國際法不矛盾，或物權或其他權利請求涉及的財產據以獲得的不可撤消信用證在沒收或取得該財產前依照誠信的原則開出不超過180天，或2）美國總統確定，在有關特殊情況下，適用國家行為原則符合美國對外政策利益要求，且已經代表美國總統將有關該案件的建議提交法院備案。800
正文腳注：
注785、《美國法典》第22章第2370條。
注791、第（三）小節為《1962年對外援助法》第301（四）（2）小節修改，其以前的陳述是：
"（三）在以下情況下，本法項下的援助不得提供給在貨物或服務供應方面欠美國公民款項的任何國家政府：該公民已經窮盡了所有可以利用的法律救濟手段，且該政府對所欠的債務不予否定或不持異議。"
注799、《1965年對外援助法》第301（四）（2）小節插入"財產"。
注800、此處原來有"，或（3）案件程序于1966年1月1日后開始"，后被《1965年對外援助法》第301（四）（2）小節刪除。
但是，《1994財年和1995財年對外關系授權法》第527節（《公法103-236》：《美國法典》第22章第2370a條）規定如下：
"第527節、對美國財產的征用。
"（一）禁止。--為實施本法、《1961年對外援助法》或《武器出口管制法》所提供的援助資金，在下列情況下不得提供給一國政府、政府機關或政府機構，該國（第（四）小節中說明的國家除外）政府-
"（1）從1956年1月1日起---
"1）對美國人的財產進行國有化或征用，
"2）否定或取消同美國人簽定的合同，或
"3）采取對上述美國人擁有的財產所有權或控制權具有沒收效果的任何行動（如施加歧視性稅收或其他收費手段），且
"（2）在第（三）小節的時間內，沒有-
"1）歸還該財產，
"2）根據國際法的要求，用可兌換的外匯對該財產提供充分、有效的補償，或其他雙邊可接受的財產足額等值補償，
"3）根據國際法，提供及時、充分、有效的國內補償程序，或
"4）將有關爭議提交投資爭議解決公約項下或其他雙邊同意的、有約束力的國際仲裁程序項下，依據有關規則進行仲裁。
"（二）其他行動。---美國總統應該指示美國在各多邊開發銀行和國際金融機構中的美國執行理事，投票反對將該銀行或金融機構的資金貸款或以其它方式提供給第（一）小節項下禁止援助的國家利用，除非該援助以特定方式直接用于滿足該國公民的基本需要。
"（三）解決爭議的期間。--上述第（一）（2）中規定的時間為以下較晚的時間---
"1）有關索賠請求提出后3年，
"2）如果有關國家在根據上述第（一）（1）中規定采取行動時是極權或獨裁政府，則為民主選舉政府確定之日后3年，或
"3）本法實施后90天。
"（四）例外國家和領土。---本節不適用于通過聯合國驚醒國際托管建立的任何爭議國家，或美國政府承認的爭議領土。
"（五）恢復援助。--在美國總統以書面形式向眾議院議長或參議院對外關系委員會證明該國政府已經采取上述第（一）（2）小節中規定的任何措施后，第（一）小節項下的禁止或終止援助及第（二）小節項下的投票反對貸款之規定應立即停止生效。
"（六）報告要求。---在本法實施后90天內及其后每財政年度開始，國務卿應該向眾議院議長或參議院對外關系委員會轉交報告，報告包含：
"（1）美國政府知道的、對美國人存在未解決征用索賠的國家名單。
"（2） 美國人對每一國家提起的未解決征用索賠請求的總金額。
"（3）各未解決索賠持續的時間。
"（4）各索賠案件的狀況及美國政府和索賠所在國政府為采取上述第（一）（2）小節規定的措施所做的努力。
"（5）美國在各國際機構的執行理事因上述第（二）小節中采取的行動，投票進行反對的各項目。
"（七）棄權。---如果美國總統確定并如實通知美國國會，證明符合美國國家利益，美國總統可以每年就各國放棄第（一）小節和第（二）小節中規定的各項禁止。
"（八）定義。---在本節項下，"美國人"指美國公民或公司、合伙，或不少于50%權益為美國公民擁有的組織。" |
